北斗与GPS集成的高精度定位及桥梁监测分析

摘要     GNSS可提供全天候的实时高精度定位结果,是形变监测的主要方法之一,但卫星信号极易受到周围环境如建筑物、人群等遮挡的影响,而相当数量的基础设施修建于山谷、城市建筑群、车流密集等区域。文章研究在遮挡环境下卫星定位应用于形变监测领域的可行性问题。因中国北斗系统在星座布设上与GPS不同,采用GEO、IGSO及MEO三种不同轨道类型形成高轨卫星与中轨卫星的结合,不同的轨道类型有不同的特点,对定位精度的影响也不尽相同。以广州大桥为例,通过对北斗/GPS集成高精度定位的研究,并针对北斗卫星的不同轨道类型,利用GEO、IGSO及MEO之间的不同组合进行定位,分析其在形变监测的可行性。研究表明:北斗/GPS集成高精度定位精度可达毫米级,能够满足形变监测的需求;同时,北斗/GPS集成定位可增加可视卫星数,改善卫星的几何分布,而北斗系统的高轨卫星高度角较高,特别是GEO和IGSO两种高轨卫星的组合仍能达到1 cm的定位精度,大大提高了山谷、高边坡、城市峡谷等遮挡较为严重区域中卫星高精度定位的可行性,有利于形成全天候自动化实时高精度的形变监测与灾害监测安全预警系统。               Global Navigation Satellite System（GNSS） can provide real-time precise positioning services anytime and anywhere so that it is used extensively on deformation monitoring. However, signals of GNSS satellites are easily blocked and interfered by the surrounding like high-rise buildings, people and etc. A large number of infrastructures are located in harsh environment, such as valley, urban canyon and high vehicle- density areas. The availability of satellite positioning in deformation monitoring under the blockage environment was analyzed in this paper. Beidou system has three types of orbits including GEO, IGSO and MEO, which is different from the GPS. Each orbit type has different characteristics, and has different influence on positioning accuracy. Taking Guangzhou Bridge as an example, this paper studied integrated Beidou/GPS precise positioning and positioning with different combinations between GEO, IGSO and MEO. Then, the availability of various positioning was analyzed. Results show that, the accuracy of both Beidou and Beidou/GPS reach millimeter level, which can well meet the demands of deformation monitoring. Besides, Beidou/GPS integrated positioning can increase the number of visible satellites and improve geometric distributions. Since the elevation angles of GEO and IGSO satellites are larger and the accuracy of positioning using GEO and IGSO satellites can achieve 1 centimeter, the availability of GNSS positioning in blockage areas is improved. Therefore, it is hopeful to build an automatic real-time precise system to monitor deformation and disaster at any time.
作者        彭振中 李倩霞 徐知秋 杨波 夏林元
机构地区      中山大学地理科学与规划学院    广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院    广东省水利电力勘测设计研究院
出处     《热带地理》  2016年第4期717-726,共10页Tropical Geography
基金   广东省水利科技创新项目(2014-19)     广东省重大科技专项(2015B010104003)
关键词   北斗/GPS双模定位轨道组合形变监测   Beidou/GPS positioning combination of orbits deformation monitoring
分类号   P22 [天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程] U446 [建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]